Structure and Physiography
The northern mountains and plains
Describe the Himalayas and the zones of the northern plains.
The Himalayas: parallel ranges, about 2,500 km long and 160-400 km wide; a physical, climatic, drainage and cultural divide.
Orientation changes: north-west to south-east, east-west in Sikkim, north-south in the north-east hills.
Northern plains: about 3,200 km long, 150-300 km wide, alluvium 1,000-2,000 m deep.
Zones: Bhabar (8-10 km, boulders), Tarai (10-20 km, marshy), alluvial plains (Bhangar old, Khadar new).
Haryana and Delhi divide the Indus and Ganga systems; the Brahmaputra turns south at Dhubri.
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