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Symmetrical Designs

Lines of symmetry in letters

Find the lines of symmetry in letters, with Prem and Manu.

In your book, Maths Mela (Chapter 10), Prem and Manu are making 'Happy Birthday' cutouts to paste on a wall for Lali's birthday. They remember lines of symmetry from Grade 4. A line of symmetry cuts a shape into two halves that match exactly when you fold along it.

The capital letter A has a vertical line of symmetry: a line going straight down through its middle. So to cut out an A, they fold a paper in half, draw half of the A along the fold, cut along the outline, and open the paper. The full A appears, because the other half is a perfect copy.

The capital letter H has two lines of symmetry: a vertical one down its middle and a horizontal one across its middle. So they can fold the paper into one-fourth, once vertically and once horizontally, and draw just one-fourth of the H along the folds. When they cut and open it, the whole H appears.

Other letters work the same way. The capital letters T and V have only a vertical line, so half is enough. The capital letter E has only a horizontal line, across its middle arm, so half is enough if you fold the paper across. The capital letters X and O have both lines, so a quarter is enough. But the capital letter N has no line of symmetry at all: however you fold it, the two halves do not match, so N cannot be cut out this easy way.

A letter with one line of symmetry can be cut out by drawing half of it on paper folded once; a letter with both a vertical and a horizontal line can be cut out by drawing one-fourth of it on paper folded twice.

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