Expressions, synonyms and dashes

Synonyms (words with similar meanings):

• magnificent = splendid;
• fleeting = momentary;
• instant = swift;
• core = essential;
• valuable = useful;
• abiding = lifelong.

Expressions from the letter:

• in all humility: humbly, without feeling important;
• hold their heads high: be proud and confident;
• to be quite honest: to speak truthfully (often before admitting something);
• to the best of your ability: using all your skills and knowledge;
• looked at in awe: looked at with great respect and wonder;
• somewhere deep down: in the deepest part of yourself.

Two kinds of dash.

The en dash (–) is shorter. It shows a range of numbers or dates. Read it as 'to':

• 'Train operates June–September.'
• 'Refer to pages 50–75.'
• 'India won the series 2–1.'

The em dash (—) is longer. It adds extra information or shows a sudden change of thought:

• 'The exhibition—held in the main hall—features local artists.' (a pair works like brackets)
• 'I bumped into someone unexpected—my old teacher.' (one dash introduces a surprise)

Kurien uses it this way: 'Writing—even if it is a letter—not only conveys our present concerns…'

Two rules:

• no spaces around a dash;
• don't overuse dashes.