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Class 8

Social Science: Exploring Society Part 1

86 lessons in 7 chapters, explained in plain words.

Natural Resources and Their Use

  1. When Nature becomes a resource
  2. Categories of natural resources
  3. Restoration and regeneration
  4. Renewable resources
  5. Non-renewable resources
  6. Distribution and its implications
  7. The paradox of plenty
  8. Stewardship and the groundwater crisis
  9. Cement, Vṛikṣhāyurveda and Sikkim
  10. Judicious use and lokasangraha

Reshaping India's Political Map

  1. What 'medieval' means here
  2. Invasions from beyond the Hindu Kush
  3. The Delhi Sultanate
  4. Ala-ud-din Khilji and the push south
  5. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
  6. Wealth, jizya and Timur
  7. Resistance to the Delhi Sultanate
  8. The Vijayanagara Empire
  9. Krishnadevaraya and Talikota
  10. Babur and the founding of the Mughal Empire
  11. Humayun, Sher Shah Suri and Himu
  12. Akbar
  13. Jahangir and Shah Jahan
  14. Aurangzeb
  15. Resistance to the Mughals
  16. The surge of the Rajputs
  17. The Ahoms
  18. The rise of the Sikhs
  19. Administering India and people's lives

The Rise of the Marathas

  1. Who are the Marathas
  2. Shivaji and the idea of Swarājya
  3. The navy and guerrilla warfare
  4. Shaista Khan, Surat and Purandar
  5. Agra, the coronation and the South
  6. The Marathas after Shivaji
  7. The Peshwas and pan-Indian expansion
  8. Maratha civilian administration
  9. Military administration and forts
  10. Maritime supremacy, justice and trade
  11. Cultural revival and the Maratha women
  12. Thanjavur and the Maratha legacy

The Colonial Era in India

  1. The Age of Colonialism
  2. India before the Europeans came
  3. The Portuguese
  4. The Dutch
  5. The French
  6. From traders to rulers
  7. Divide and rule
  8. Doctrine of Lapse and subsidiary alliance
  9. Devastating famines
  10. The drain of India's wealth
  11. The decline of India's industries
  12. Dismantling traditional governance
  13. Macaulay and Indian education
  14. Railways and the reshaped economy
  15. Early resistance movements
  16. The Great Rebellion of 1857
  17. The legacy of colonialism

Universal Franchise and India's Electoral System

  1. Universal adult franchise
  2. Why universal franchise matters
  3. Reaching every voter
  4. An election at Suryodaya School
  5. The Election Commission of India
  6. The Model Code of Conduct
  7. First-Past-the-Post and forming a government
  8. Indirect elections
  9. Challenges and the road ahead

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive

  1. The Parliament of India
  2. The Union Executive
  3. The Parliament's four functions
  4. How a bill becomes an act
  5. Executive accountability
  6. President, Prime Minister and civil servants
  7. The Judiciary and checks and balances
  8. Legislature and executive in the states
  9. Challenges to the legislature

Factors of Production

  1. What are factors of production
  2. Land and labour
  3. Human capital
  4. Challenges and the demographic dividend
  5. India's ancient skill heritage
  6. Capital
  7. Entrepreneurship
  8. Technology as an enabler
  9. How the factors connect
  10. Responsibilities towards the factors