Nature and Significance of Management
Levels and functions of management
Match tasks to levels and functions of management.
Management works at three levels:
| Level | Who | What they do |
|---|---|---|
| Top | chairman, CEO, managing director, president | set the overall goals and strategies; integrate the departments; answer for the firm's survival and its effect on society |
| Middle | heads of divisions or departments (production, marketing) | interpret top management's policies; arrange the people needed; assign duties; motivate; cooperate with other departments |
| Supervisory (operational) | foremen, supervisors | directly oversee the workers; pass on instructions; keep quality up, wastage down and the workplace safe |
In short: top decides, middle implements, supervisors oversee.
The five functions of management:
- Planning: deciding in advance what to do and how.
- Organising: assigning tasks, grouping them, and allocating resources.
- Staffing: finding the right people for the right job.
- Directing: leading, motivating and communicating with people.
- Controlling: comparing actual performance with the standards, and correcting any gap.
These functions are interrelated: managers perform them together, not one after another.
Top decides, middle implements, supervisors oversee.
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