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Class 12

Business Studies

67 lessons in 11 chapters, explained in plain words.

Nature and Significance of Management

  1. What management is
  2. Characteristics and objectives of management
  3. Importance and nature of management
  4. Levels and functions of management
  5. Coordination: the essence of management

Principles of Management

  1. What management principles are
  2. Why principles matter
  3. Taylor's scientific management
  4. Techniques of scientific management
  5. Fayol's principles (1)
  6. Fayol's principles (2) and Fayol versus Taylor

Business Environment

  1. What business environment is
  2. Why the environment matters
  3. Dimensions of business environment
  4. India's economic environment and the 1991 reforms
  5. Demonetisation

Planning

  1. What planning is and why it matters
  2. Features of planning
  3. Limitations of planning
  4. The planning process
  5. Types of plans

Organising

  1. What organising is
  2. Importance of organising and organisation structure
  3. Functional and divisional structures
  4. Formal and informal organisation
  5. Delegation
  6. Decentralisation

Staffing

  1. Staffing and human resource management
  2. The staffing process
  3. Recruitment and its sources
  4. Selection
  5. Training and development

Directing

  1. What directing is
  2. Supervision
  3. Motivation and Maslow
  4. Financial and non-financial incentives
  5. Leadership
  6. Communication: process, importance and channels
  7. Barriers to communication

Controlling

  1. What controlling is
  2. Planning and controlling
  3. The controlling process
  4. Critical point control, management by exception and techniques

Financial Management

  1. Business finance and financial management
  2. The investment decision
  3. Financing and dividend decisions
  4. Financial planning
  5. Capital structure and trading on equity
  6. Factors affecting capital structure
  7. Fixed capital
  8. Working capital

Marketing

  1. What marketing is
  2. Marketing management philosophies
  3. Functions of marketing
  4. Marketing mix and products
  5. Branding
  6. Packaging and labelling
  7. Pricing
  8. Physical distribution
  9. Promotion and advertising
  10. Personal selling, sales promotion and public relations

Consumer Protection

  1. Why consumers need protection
  2. The Consumer Protection Act 2019
  3. Consumer rights and responsibilities
  4. Ways and means of consumer protection
  5. Redressal agencies and reliefs
  6. Consumer organisations and NGOs