Entrepreneurship
Other kinds of IP
Match each creation to its protection.
Patents are not the only kind of intellectual property.
Plant breeders' rights give the breeder of a new plant variety exclusive commercial rights for about 20-25 years. The variety must be novel, distinct, uniform and stable. There are exceptions: it can be used for research, and farmers may save and replant seed from their own crop.
Trademarks. Under the Trade Marks Act 1999 (Section 2(zb)), a trademark is a mark that can be shown in a picture or drawing and that distinguishes one person's goods or services from others'. It can be a device, brand, label, name, word, numeral, shape, packaging, or combination of colours.
Copyright protects literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, films and sound recordings. It is a bundle of rights: to reproduce the work, communicate it to the public, adapt it, and translate it. Some uses are allowed without permission: research or private study, criticism or review, reporting current events, legal proceedings, and amateur performances to audiences who do not pay.
Trade secrets are valuable information kept secret: formulas, processes, designs (the recipe of a famous soft drink is a classic example). They are not registered. In India they are protected by contracts such as non-disclosure agreements (NDAs), by the law of torts, and by civil suits, as TRIPS requires protection of undisclosed information.
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