Line, shape and pattern

A line joins two points. Lines make shapes and silhouettes, and give movement and direction. Line and shape together make the plan of every design.

Straight lines:

• Vertical: add height; feel severe and dignified.
• Horizontal: add width; feel stable and calm.
• Oblique (diagonal): feel active and dramatic; they change how wide and tall something looks.

Curved lines range from gentle curves to full circles (scroll, serpentine, ogee). Long flowing curves look graceful; large round curves look dramatic; tiny puffy curves look youthful. In general, straight lines suggest strength; curves suggest softness and grace.

Shapes are made by joining lines, in two or three dimensions. They can be natural, stylised, geometric or abstract. In fabric, shape is the drape, the motifs and the repeat. In apparel, it is the silhouette, the cut and the details.

A pattern forms when shapes are grouped, of one kind or mixed. For example, a kurta with a vertical placket and long straight lines makes the wearer look taller. Lines lead the eye; shapes give the form.