Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
Slums
Explain why cities are differentiated internally.
Indian cities have two faces: rich localities with good infrastructure, and slums and jhuggi-jhopari clusters.
Migrants who cannot afford proper housing occupy degraded, unsafe land: along railway tracks, drains, river banks.
Slums lack water, electricity, toilets and drainage. The lanes are overcrowded, and open defecation is common.
Dharavi in Mumbai, one of Asia's largest slums, shows great hardship; but it is also full of valuable crafts: ceramics, embroidery, leather goods.
Low-paid work, illness, lack of schooling and social exclusion trap slum residents in poverty. The Swachh Bharat Mission seeks to change conditions. Cities build their wealth on the labour of slum dwellers.
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