Handball

Karl Schelenz unified the rules (Berlin, 1917). The IHF took its name in Copenhagen in 1946; handball was in the 1936 Olympics and returned in 1972 (women 1976). India's federation and first nationals (Rohtak) date from 1972; India first played at the 1982 Asian Games.

Court 40 m x 20 m; goal 3 m wide and 2 m high; 6 m goal-area line (only the goalkeeper inside), broken 9 m free-throw line, 7 m penalty line, 4 m goalkeeper's line, 4.5 m substitution lines.

Seven on court (six plus a goalkeeper) with free rolling substitutions. Two halves of 30 minutes (less for younger players) with 10 minutes' break; one 1-minute time-out per team per half.

With the ball: 3 steps, 3 seconds, no double dribble, no touching below the knee. Restarts: throw-off, throw-in, free throw, 7 m throw, goal-throw, referee throw; opponents 3 m away.

Punishments: warning (yellow card), 2-minute suspension, disqualification (red card, equal to three suspensions). Balls: size 3 (58-60 cm, 425-475 g) for men.