Hockey

Hockey was in the 1908 London Olympics, dropped in 1912 and 1924; the FIH was founded in Paris in 1924 by Paul Leautey. India's men have won eight Olympic golds, six in a row. The national championship is the Rangaswamy Cup.

Field 91.40 m x 55 m with 22.90 m lines and shooting circles; goal 3.66 m wide and 2.14 m high with 460 mm boards; flag posts 1.20-1.50 m. Ball 224-235 mm round, 156-163 g; stick head 'J' or 'U' shaped, flat on the left only.

Teams of 16, 11 on the field, with rolling substitutions. 60 minutes in four 15-minute quarters; 2-minute breaks after quarters one and three, 10 minutes at half time; 40-second stops after a penalty corner and a goal.

Goals count only from shots inside the circle. Field goal, penalty corner (pushed from the back line, five defenders), penalty stroke (from 6.4 m, only the goalkeeper defends). Fouls: feet, dangerous lifted ball, obstruction; free hits with opponents 5 yards back.

Two umpires. Cards: green (at least 2 minutes off), yellow (at least 5), red (sent off). Ties in knock-out games are settled by an 8-second shoot-out from the 23 m line.