Endurance, flexibility and body measurements

Muscular endurance is how long the muscles can keep working; slow-twitch fibres support it. The 1000 m run or walk test: cover 1000 m as fast as possible (walking allowed); score the time.

Sit and reach test (lower back and hamstrings): sit with legs straight and feet against the box, reach forward slowly along the scale without jerks; score in centimetres.

BMI = weight (kg) / height (m) squared. Adults: below 18.5 underweight, 18.5-24.9 normal, 25-29.9 overweight, 30 and above obese. Under 20, compare with age-and-sex percentiles (below 5th underweight, 5th-85th normal, 85th-95th overweight, above 95th obese).

Weigh in minimum clothing on a weighing machine; measure height against a wall with an anthropometer or stadiometer, touching the top of the head.

Waist-hip ratio = waist / hip (waist just above the navel after breathing out; hips at the widest point). Men above 1.0 and women above 0.85 are at high risk.