International Trade
East coast ports and airports
Explain why Kolkata port has lost importance.
Ports on the east coast:
- Kolkata: a river port, 128 km up the Hugli river, which suffers from silting (mud deposits). Haldia, 105 km downstream, was built to relieve it.
- Paradwip, in the Mahanadi delta: the deepest harbour, built to export iron ore.
- Visakhapatnam: a land-locked harbour, reached by a channel cut through solid rock and sand.
- Chennai: one of the oldest ports, with an artificial harbour. It is relieved by Kamarajar (Ennore) and V. O. Chidambaranar (Tuticorin) ports.
Airports: air transport carries high-value and perishable goods (medicines, flowers, electronics) quickly, but it is costly. India has about 25 major airports, and new small airports under UDAN.
On the east coast, silt and depth shape the ports.
Silt and depth shape eastern ports.
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