Dividing by 10 and 100

In your book, Maths Mela (Chapter 13, The Transport Museum), a farmer packs his rice in sacks of 10 kg each. If he has 60 kg of rice, he needs 6 sacks, because 6 tens make 60. So 60 ÷ 10 = 6. If he has 600 kg, he needs 60 sacks, because 60 tens make 600. So 600 ÷ 10 = 60.

What if each sack holds 100 kg? Then 600 kg fills only 6 sacks, because 6 hundreds make 600. So 600 ÷ 100 = 6. Bigger sacks means fewer sacks. In the same way, 400 ÷ 10 = 40, but 400 ÷ 100 = 4.

Look at this pattern: 4 ÷ 2 = 2, 40 ÷ 20 = 2 and 400 ÷ 200 = 2. 40 is 4 tens and 20 is 2 tens; 4 tens shared into groups of 2 tens make 2 groups. And 400 ÷ 20 = 20, because 20 groups of 20 make 400.

Manku the monkey sees 870 bananas in the market, in bunches of 10. 870 is 87 tens, so there are 87 bunches: 870 ÷ 10 = 87. Rukhma Bi wants to share ₹1000 equally among her 10 grandchildren on Eid. 1000 is 100 tens, so each grandchild gets ₹100: 1000 ÷ 10 = 100.